Dams are man-made hydraulic structures that are constructed across rivers, streams, or other water bodies to regulate the flow of water, store it for future utilization, generate electricity through hydroelectric power, or mitigate potential flood hazards. Despite the fact that dams are frequently regarded as a water management solution, they also come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview of dams, their types, functions, benefits, and challenges.