In the field of building construction, lintels play an important role as horizontal flexible members that span openings in walls for doors, windows, ventilators, cupboards and other architectural elements. Their primary function is to transfer the load of the masonry above the opening to the wall through flexural action, ensuring that the frames of doors and windows are not excessively loaded. Here’s a detailed look at the types of lintels commonly used in construction. The end bearings for the lintel should be at least 200 mm. The width of lintels is same as that of wall.

Why Lintels Are Important for the Building construction,

Load Bearing: Lintels act as horizontal beams across openings in masonry walls. They transfer vertical loads from the structure above (walls, floors, ceilings) to the supporting walls on either side of the opening. This prevents overloading and possible failure of the masonry above the opening.

• Shear force resistance: Lintels resist horizontal shear forces that may develop in walls due to wind load or seismic activity. By distributing these forces effectively, they help maintain the overall structural integrity of the wall.

• Material selection: Site engineers consider factors such as span length, weight distribution and fire resistance when selecting lintel materials. Common choices include precast concrete lintels, steel lintels, or cast-in-place reinforced concrete lintels.

• Lintel bearing and embedment: Proper bearing and embedment of the lintel into the surrounding wall is important for effective load transfer. Engineering specifications will define these parameters based on the specific lintel type, wall material and loading conditions

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Let’s Understands the Types of Lintels

1. Wood Lintels:

Wooden lintels can be a single piece or assembled from multiple pieces.
Strengthening with steel plates at the top and bottom creates flitched beams, enhancing their load-bearing capacity.

2. Stone Lintels:

Stone lintels, made from available stones, are suitable for small spans due to stone’s weakness in tension.
Their depth is typically kept around 1/10th of the span, and they are cut and dressed to match the wall’s width.

3. Brick Lintels:

Constructed using well-burnt, high-quality bricks laid on ends or edges to form lintels.
Temporary formwork is required during construction, and curing for 7–14 days is essential before removing the formwork.

4. R.C.C. Lintels (Reinforced Concrete Lintels):

R.C.C. lintels can span any required distance and are commonly used in modern buildings.
They can be isolated or continuous over openings and are reinforced, with main reinforcements typically placed on the lower side within the opening. Refer Is code 456-2000 For The design

5. Steel Lintels:

Steel angles or rolled steel I-sections are used as lintels, often with tube separators to maintain spacing.
Regular painting is necessary for sections exposed to atmospheric conditions, and they may be encased in concrete to reduce maintenance requirements.