TheCivilStudies · Tech Journal

Engineering Tech Journal

Practical civil-engineering guides, IS-code explainers, worked examples and site know-how — written for students and site engineers.

Building Construction155 Concrete Technology55 Construction material52 Build Chronicles44 Soil Mechanics32 Transportation Engineering29 AUTO - CAD26 Case Studies22 Daily Dose of Science16 Roofing and Sustainability15

430 articles17 topicsLatest: Nov 6, 2026

View down into a deep circular shored shaft with a skip being lowered, with the title Earth Retention Systems

Soil Mechanics, Building Construction

Types of Earth Retention Systems and How to Choose One

Soldier piles, sheet piles, secant piles, soil nails and slurry walls compared, with soil and groundwater limits, OSHA triggers, reported costs and a free selector.

Nov 6, 20269 min read

Hands tying a steel rebar cage with pliers, with the title Fiberglass Rebar vs Steel

Construction material, Building Construction

Fiberglass Rebar vs Steel Rebar: Strength, Cost and When to Use It

Fiberglass rebar is stronger in tension than steel but only about a quarter as stiff. Compare strength, weight, cost and ACI 440.11 limits, with a free slab calculator.

Nov 6, 20269 min read

Road roller compacting a subgrade layer with the title Concrete, Soil and Asphalt Testing

Construction material, Concrete Technology, Soil Mechanics, Transportation Engineering

Concrete, Soil and Asphalt Testing on Construction Sites: What Site Engineers Should Know

A practical guide to site testing of concrete, soil and asphalt: what slump, cube, Proctor, sand replacement, CBR, aggregate and bitumen tests tell you, and how to use the results.

Nov 3, 20268 min read

Isolated footing design as per IS 456: section of a 2.6 m square footing with column, bottom mesh and soil pressure

Building Construction

Isolated Footing Design as per IS 456: Step-by-Step Solved Example + Free Checker

A complete isolated footing design to IS 456:2000: sizing, bending, one-way and punching shear, development length, bar bending schedule and a free footing checker.

Oct 30, 20266 min read

Section of a load-bearing wall removal: LVL beam on posts over a 14 ft opening with new footings

Building Construction

Cost to Remove a Load-Bearing Wall (2026): Prices, Beam Options & Calculator

What it really costs to remove a load-bearing wall in 2026: engineer, permit, LVL vs steel beam, posts, footings and finishing, with a free cost calculator.

Oct 30, 20269 min read

Backyard wooden deck: deck footing size, 17 in round footing for 48 sq ft per post on average soil

Building Construction

Deck Footing Size Calculator (IRC Table R507.3.1)

Deck footing sizes from IRC Table R507.3.1, how to find tributary area, footing depth below frost, and a free calculator.

Oct 27, 20265 min read

Cracked ice on frozen ground: frost line depth by state and how deep footings must go

Building Construction

Frost Line Depth by State: How Deep Footings Must Go

Typical frost line depth ranges for every US state, the IRC footing depth rules, official examples, and how to find your exact number.

Oct 27, 20265 min read

Bundle of steel rebar at a construction site: rebar weight chart, #4 rebar weighs 0.668 lb per foot

Building Construction

Rebar Weight Chart: #3 to #18 (lb/ft) + Weight Calculator

Rebar weight chart for US bar sizes #3 to #18 in lb/ft, diameters and areas, the weight formula and a free calculator.

Oct 27, 20263 min read

Workers screeding a freshly poured concrete slab: how much concrete do I need, 1.23 cubic yards for a 10 by 10 ft slab

Concrete Technology

How Much Concrete Do I Need? Cubic Yards + Bags Calculator

Cubic yards and 60/80 lb bag counts for slabs, footings and post holes, with a free calculator, slab chart and worked examples.

Oct 27, 20264 min read

Weathered wooden fence post: about 2 bags of 80 lb concrete per 4×4 post in a 10 × 30 in hole

Building Construction

How Many Bags of Concrete per Fence Post? Chart + Calculator

Bags of concrete per fence post for 4×4, 6×6 and chain link posts, the hole size to dig, and a free calculator.

Oct 27, 20265 min read

Concrete footing poured in a foundation trench with rebar alongside: house footing size per IRC R403.1

Building Construction

Footing Size for a House: Width & Depth Calculator (IRC R403.1)

IRC minimum footing width, thickness and depth, presumptive soil bearing values, and a free calculator for a preliminary house footing size.

Oct 27, 20266 min read

Septic tank cross-section showing two chambers, 1.5 m length and 1.0 m liquid depth for 5 users

Building Construction

Septic Tank Size Calculation for 5, 10, 15 & 20 Users (IS 2470) + Calculator

Standard septic tank sizes for 5, 10, 15 and 20 users based on IS 2470, with two-chamber layout, freeboard, soak pit guidance, safety rules and a free septic tank size calculator.

Oct 27, 20263 min read